{"id":22398,"date":"2020-08-31T10:18:33","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T17:18:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/?p=22398"},"modified":"2022-02-04T13:50:53","modified_gmt":"2022-02-04T21:50:53","slug":"race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/","title":{"rendered":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article is part of a series of race and housing in Portland. Read parts <a href=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/the-early-history-of-portlands-racist-housing-strategies-part-one\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/race-and-housing-part-ii-exodus-disaster-and-exploitation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two<\/a> here.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Building a Path to Equity\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1au3Q3Sc_ZM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In May of 1948, a hastily built wartime housing development called Vanport, Oregon was suddenly flooded, forcing the evacuation and relocation of over 20,000 people, many of whom were Black. In an instant, the City was forced to reckon with a massive wave of local migration and the settlement of Black families at a time of racism and deep prejudice. The decades following the flood mark by an era of advancement for the Black community in Portland. Then it was quickly followed by a string of racist housing policies that uprooted entire communities of color.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">he demographic shifts in our region following the flood reflect not just a community in retreat and relocation, but an intentional set of housing strategies designed to push People of Color into small tracts of cheap, underdeveloped land. This is the path through which Portland was formally segregated. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bait was the promise of homeownership. The switch wouldn\u2019t come until years later, when city officials exploited the tool of eminent domain under the guise of urban renewal\u2014effectively decimating a generation of Black wealth-building in Portland.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-27449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><b>The GI Bill&nbsp;<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When troops returned from their posts overseas, they came home to a new set of federal initiatives, which aimed to provide economic aid to veterans and prevent a wave of postwar unemployment. The GI Bill, which was touted as a civil rights achievement nationally, provided veterans with tuition assistance, unemployment insurance, vocational placement, and, importantly, home loan opportunities. On its face, the Bill was groundbreaking and unprecedented for working-class families. In Portland<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">it helped establish Portland State University.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem with the Bill was that the majority of the legislation was to be implemented by states and local municipalities\u2014which had more prejudice written into laws and codes than federal statutes. In effect, it is what propelled millions of White servicemen into the middle-class; it\u2019s also what kept a disproportionate number of Black veterans bound to generations of poverty.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Redlining in Portland<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In its implementation, the guarantee of home loans to veterans created the concept of the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">suburbs<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suddenly, millions of families were able to buy a home for the very first time. However, the Federal Housing Administration\u2019s guidelines for distributing loan opportunities relied on explicitly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/05\/03\/526655831\/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">racist standards<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that made it virtually impossible for people of color to purchase a home, even during an economic boom.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/map-right-300x278.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21895\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For most White veterans and first-time homebuyers, the Federal Housing Administration was a blessing. The new initiative subsidized mass-construction efforts of single-family homes while also insuring and underwriting the mortgages with which buyers bought the homes they were to own.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In working with private lenders and local municipalities, the federal government established a process of rating the safety of loans they were guaranteeing all over the nation. The rating system created was based upon geographic, economic, and, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">racial<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> measures. The scheme gave neighborhood ratings of either Type A, B, C, or D. These ratings were then used to determine if private lenders would offer loans and if the federal government would insure them.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This rating system was then laid out in color-coded maps that made it easy for banks to efficiently approve or reject applicants based on the location of the property. The neighborhoods with the lowest ratings were shaded in red, subscribing the term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">redlining<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that plagued<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Black<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> populations for generations. In Portland, this era of segregation is seen in the red shading covering over Albina, Inner-South East, and Downtown where the largest populations of Black families lived.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because of this practice of denying loan applications in predominantly White neighborhoods, many Black families were forced to rent, preventing them from offering future generations the wealth-building opportunities that homeownership secures. Those that were able to purchase a home in the relegated, redlined districts were often subjected to extremely high interest rates and predatory lending practices that made foreclosures likelier and intimidation all but certain.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>White Flight in the Albina District<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Black population has never exceeded 7% of Portland\u2019s total demographic makeup. Before the war, half of Portland\u2019s Black communities lived in Albina. According to <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/kingneighborhood.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/BLEEDING-ALBINA_-A-HISTORY-OF-COMMUNITY-DISINVESTMENT-1940%E2%80%932000.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Dr. Karen Gibson of Portland State University, in the 1950s, \u201cAlbina lost one-third of its population and experienced significant racial turnover as White residents left en masse for the suburbs and Black residents moved into Albina from temporary war housing.\u201d During this time, White families benefited from fleeing to neighborhoods with better FHA ratings, lower interest rates, and where projections of home values showed growth. By 1960, 80% of Black Portlanders lived in Albina. According to Dr. Gibson\u2019s research, by 1960 \u201cthere were 23,000 fewer White and 7,300 more Black residents\u201d in the small 4.3 square-mile district. Yet, for all of this blatant segregation, it wasn\u2019t until the following decades that the City\u2019s vision became clear.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Williams-and-Russell-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22425\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Progress in Albina<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this historical context of institutionalized racism, it is difficult to imagine that the subsequent era of Portland\u2019s housing practices would be much better for people of color. Yet in the interim years, Portland\u2019s Black community showed signs of real progress, even prosperity. In the late 40s and early 50s, the Albina Neighborhood generated many new Black-owned businesses that formed the hub of Black life in Portland. From medical offices, jazz clubs, barbershops, and grocery stores, Black-owned businesses lined the streets at Albina\u2019s core intersection of Russell and Williams. Homeownership was rising for many living in the area as new vacancies opened the chance to own property. Passage of the 1953 Public Accommodations Bill in the state legislature furthered the prosperity and progress for Albina\u2019s People of Color.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet, with virtually no public investment, much of the infrastructure of the small, overcrowded district began dilapidating. This led to many investors in local planning circles to view Albina as the perfect tract of land to build massive infrastructure projects that were just voted in as public bonds. Again, a sudden shift through the gains of many Black residents was in&nbsp; jeopardy. The term <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Renewal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> came to be known as both a sign of local progress and a heavy, destructive force. While the projects that commenced around this time gave Portland it\u2019s most recognized monuments, it also wiped out an entire generation of Black progress.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/1952-before-VMC-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22422\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Urban Renewal and Eminent Domain<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With cheap land, high crime, and relatively little political power, Albina stood as an easy prey for eminent domain to provide land for projects like the Memorial Coliseum, Interstate-5 and Highway 99, PPS\u2019s district offices, Portland\u2019s Water Bureau, and eventually the Emmanuel Hospital Project. When funding lined up for each of these projects, the City was quick to designate as many tracts of Albina\u2019s cheap land as \u201cblighted\u201d making it institutionally easier to rezone it for demolition and commercial investment.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ver 1,100 homes in Albina were demolished during this time\u2014the overwhelming majority were Black homeowners. The renewal projects resulted in yet another major exodus of Black families. From the Lower Albina Neighborhoods of Boise and Elliot, many relocated to the Upper Peninsula and N. Portland where redlining continued to limit homeownership opportunities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandmetro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/N.-Portland-1988-1-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22505\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Subsequent Damage to North Portland<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The effects of this era of redlining and renewal is seen in North Portland\u2019s economic hardship, high crime rates, and absentee landlordism of the 80s and 90s. As Dr. Gibson<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">states, \u201cAlbina hit rock bottom in the 1980s.\u201d The preceding actions decimated the population gains that earlier made Black-owned businesses profitable for the region, and with that, the housing market simply collapsed. From WWII to the 1980s, Albina\u2019s total population dropped by 27,000. Home values at this time dropped to 58 percent of the city\u2019s median.&nbsp;<\/span><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Absentee-landlordism became a new normal for the region, whose shrinking population saw little gain from the economic boom of the 80s and 90s. Previous decades of redlining made homeownership impossible for many Black families, who were then forced to rent from many White absentee-landlords who charged exorbitant rates and neglected proper upkeep, seeing any investment as wasteful. By the late-80s, fewer than 44% of Albina homes were owner-occupied.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The practice of predatory lending added fuel to an already bad situation\u2014as conventional banks refused to approve loans in the region, predatory lenders would buy low, sell high, and charge interest rates that often resulted in foreclosure. Because of these disparate housing strategies, we saw North Portland of the 80s and 90s continually scarred by abandoned houses, a crack epidemic, gang activity, and continued migration.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>The Legacy of Urban Renewal<\/b><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What began as a sudden and emergency migration morphed into both progress and destruction for Black people living in Portland in the years between 1950 and 2000. Local housing policies preceding and during these 50 years help explain the disparities we still see haunting many of our communities of color. From employment, education, and public health statistics, we see the history of these policies living as a potent and painful reminder.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also helps explain why, in 2020, we see such a drastic gap in homeownership rates between White people and people of color. To this day, there remains a 32% gap in homeownership between White and Black Portlanders. That represents a total of 4,200 Black-led households who do not own the home they live in as a result 150 years of redlines, neglect, eminent domain, under-investment, and outright racism.\u00a0<\/span><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211; &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><br><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This article is part of a series outlining the racist housing practices that have pervaded in Portland\u2019s neighborhoods for over a century. <a href=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-iv-the-great-recession-and-the-racial-homeownership-gap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Part IV<\/a> features how the Great Recession affected Black homeownership in Portland, the consequences of gentrification, the City\u2019s efforts to make up for a century of mistreatment, and what can be done about the City\u2019s current racial gap in homeownership.<\/span><\/i><br><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources:<\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/40492659?seq=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bleeding Albina: A History of Community Disinvestment, 1940-2000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0by Karen J. Gibson<\/span><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portlandoregon.gov\/parks\/article\/299256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">City of Portland Civic Planning, Development &amp; Public Works, 1851-1965: A Historic Context<\/span><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/05\/03\/526655831\/a-forgotten-history-of-how-the-u-s-government-segregated-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A &#8216;Forgotten History&#8217; Of How The U.S. Government Segregated America<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By Terry Gross<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Portland\u2019s Urban Renewal strategies decimated a generation of Black-owned wealth, leading to decades of despair and today\u2019s disparities in racial homeownership rates. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":27449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advocacy-stories","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Portland\u2019s Urban Renewal strategies decimated a generation of Black-owned wealth, leading to decades of despair and today\u2019s disparities in racial homeownership rates.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Habitat Portland Region\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/habitatportland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Taryn Sauer\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@habitatportland\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@habitatportland\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Taryn Sauer\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Taryn Sauer\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/3ce34ce5cca02b9a31fea75a961c387a\"},\"headline\":\"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\"},\"wordCount\":1708,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Advocacy Stories\",\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\",\"name\":\"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/\",\"name\":\"Habitat Portland Region\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Habitat for Humanity Portland Region\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/HFHPortlandRegionOR_Sgl_Black-e1610659332535.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/HFHPortlandRegionOR_Sgl_Black-e1610659332535.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":51,\"caption\":\"Habitat for Humanity Portland Region\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/habitatportland\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/habitatportland\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/habitatportlandregion\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/habitat-for-humanity-portland-region\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/3ce34ce5cca02b9a31fea75a961c387a\",\"name\":\"Taryn Sauer\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bdca139fa5462eb41cbe3dc150790b48ac9fd7e4b5d733aa516a0f3a418be437?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bdca139fa5462eb41cbe3dc150790b48ac9fd7e4b5d733aa516a0f3a418be437?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Taryn Sauer\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/author\/taryn-sauer\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region","og_description":"Portland\u2019s Urban Renewal strategies decimated a generation of Black-owned wealth, leading to decades of despair and today\u2019s disparities in racial homeownership rates.","og_url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/","og_site_name":"Habitat Portland Region","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/habitatportland","article_published_time":"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Taryn Sauer","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@habitatportland","twitter_site":"@habitatportland","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Taryn Sauer","Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/"},"author":{"name":"Taryn Sauer","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/3ce34ce5cca02b9a31fea75a961c387a"},"headline":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal","datePublished":"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/"},"wordCount":1708,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg","articleSection":["Advocacy Stories","News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/","url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/","name":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal - Habitat Portland Region","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg","datePublished":"2020-08-31T17:18:33+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-04T21:50:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/1952-before-VMC.jpeg","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/race-and-housing-part-iii-under-the-guise-of-renewal\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Race and Housing Part III: Under the Guise of Renewal"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/","name":"Habitat Portland Region","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#organization","name":"Habitat for Humanity Portland Region","url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/HFHPortlandRegionOR_Sgl_Black-e1610659332535.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/HFHPortlandRegionOR_Sgl_Black-e1610659332535.png","width":300,"height":51,"caption":"Habitat for Humanity Portland Region"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/habitatportland","https:\/\/x.com\/habitatportland","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/habitatportlandregion\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/habitat-for-humanity-portland-region\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/3ce34ce5cca02b9a31fea75a961c387a","name":"Taryn Sauer","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bdca139fa5462eb41cbe3dc150790b48ac9fd7e4b5d733aa516a0f3a418be437?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bdca139fa5462eb41cbe3dc150790b48ac9fd7e4b5d733aa516a0f3a418be437?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Taryn Sauer"},"url":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/author\/taryn-sauer\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22398"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28060,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22398\/revisions\/28060"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/habitatportlandregion.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}